Concepts and frameworks by topic number, not page. Format: **Concept** — N.N, N.N, … — topic numbers ascending, de-duplicated, home topic first among equals conceptually (order is numeric, not by importance).

Populated as topics are written (see tasks.md). Sections are kept even when empty.

A

Ability–benevolence–integrity framework — 4.2

Accountability — 3.4, 3.10, 3.11, 5.2

Algorithmic bias — 5.2

All-hazards approach — 3.12

Assisted digital — 5.1

Attribution — 2.3

Authorizing environment — 1.1, 1.2, 1.5, 2.5, 3.4

Automated decision-making — 5.2

B

Behavioural insights unit — 4.1

Bid rigging — 3.7

Black box — 5.2

Build-versus-buy decision — 5.3

Business case — 2.5

Business continuity planning — 3.12

C

Capability approach — 3.5

Career-based system — 3.6

Cascading crisis — 3.12

Causal inference — 2.4

Choice architecture — 4.1

Citizens' assembly — 1.5

Civic engagement — 4.2

Climate change adaptation — 4.3

Climate change mitigation — 4.3

Club good — 1.4

Co-design — 1.5

Co-production — 1.5, 3.1

Command-and-control regulation — 3.10

Common-pool resource — 1.4, 1.5

Cooperative federalism — 3.9

Cost-benefit analysis — 2.2, 2.5

Cost-effectiveness analysis — 2.2, 2.3

Counterfactual — 2.2, 2.4, 2.5

Crisis communication — 4.4

Critical infrastructure — 5.5

Cyber hygiene — 5.5

D

Data breach — 5.5

Data governance — 5.4

Data-sharing agreement — 5.4

Deadweight — 2.3

Default option — 4.1

Deficit spending — 3.3

Deliberative democracy — 1.5

Demerit good — 1.4

Design thinking — 5.6

Devolution — 3.9

Difference principle — 3.5

Difference-in-differences — 2.4

Differential privacy — 5.4

Diffusion of innovations — 5.6

Digital exclusion — 5.1

Digital government — 5.1

Digital identity — 5.1

Digital public good — 5.3

Digital service standards — 5.1

Digital-era governance — 3.1, 5.1

Digital-first — 5.1

Disinformation — 4.4

Displacement — 2.3

Distributional weighting — 2.2, 2.5, 3.5

Distributive justice — 3.5

Double bottom line — 3.8

Drop-off — 2.3

E

EAST framework — 4.1

Echo chamber — 4.4

Ecosystem services — 4.3

Emergency management — 3.12

Equalization payments — 3.9

Escape clause — 3.3

Evidence-based policy — 2.6

Evidence of absence — 2.6

Explainable artificial intelligence — 5.2

Externality — 1.3, 1.4

F

Fairness in machine learning — 5.2

Federalism — 3.9

Fiduciary — 3.8

Filter bubble — 4.4

Financial endowment — 3.8

Financial proxy — 2.3

Fiscal federalism — 3.9

Fiscal rule — 3.3

Five case model — 2.5

Free-rider problem — 1.4

Freedom of information — 3.4

G

Garbage can model — 3.2

Goodhart's law — 2.1, 3.1, 3.7, 3.11, 4.2

Government as a platform — 5.1

Government failure — 1.3

GRADE approach — 2.6

Grant — 3.7, 3.8

H

Hierarchy of evidence — 2.6

Horizontal accountability — 3.4, 3.11

Horizontal equity — 3.5

Human-in-the-loop — 5.2

I

Incident Command System — 3.12

Incremental budgeting — 3.3

Incrementalism — 3.2, 3.3

Infodemic — 4.4

Information asymmetry — 1.3

Institutional isomorphism — 3.8

Institutional trust — 4.2

Instrumental variables estimation — 2.4

Intergenerational equity — 2.2, 4.3

Interoperability — 5.4

Intrapreneurship — 5.6

IRIS+ — 2.3

J

K

K-anonymity — 5.4

Kaldor–Hicks efficiency — 2.2

L

Legacy system — 5.3

Legitimacy — 1.2, 3.4, 4.2, 4.4, 5.1, 5.5

Libertarian paternalism — 4.1

Living lab — 5.6

Logic model — 2.1, 2.3

Loss and damage — 4.3

Loss aversion — 4.1

M

Market failure — 1.3, 1.4

Means test — 3.5

Measure fixation — 3.11

Medium-term expenditure framework — 3.3

Merit good — 1.4

Merit system — 3.6

Meta-analysis — 2.6

Misinformation — 4.4

Mission drift — 3.8

Monopsony — 3.6

Multiple streams framework — 3.2

N

Natural capital — 4.3

Natural capital accounting — 4.3

Net present value — 2.2, 2.5

New Public Governance — 3.1

New Public Management — 1.1, 3.1, 3.7, 3.11

Non-governmental organization — 3.8

Nonprofit organization — 3.8

Nudge theory — 4.1

O

Ombudsman — 3.4

Open data — 5.4

Open-source-by-default — 5.3

Operational capacity — 1.1, 1.2, 2.5

Optimism bias — 2.5

Outcomes-based commissioning — 3.7

P

Participatory budgeting — 1.5

Payment by results — 3.7

Performance accountability — 2.1

Performance indicator — 2.1, 3.11

Performance-based budgeting — 3.3

Perverse incentive — 3.11

Phishing — 5.5

Policy cycle — 3.2

Policy instrument — 3.2

Policy window — 3.2

Population accountability — 2.1

Position-based system — 3.6

Prebunking — 4.4

Precautionary principle — 3.10

Principal–agent problem — 1.2, 1.3, 3.4, 3.8

Procedural justice — 4.2

Proportionality — 3.10

Public choice theory — 1.3

Public entrepreneurship — 5.6

Public good — 1.3, 1.4, 3.12

Public procurement — 3.7

Public service motivation — 3.6

Public value — 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1

Public value proposition — 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.5

Public Value Scorecard — 2.1

Public-sector innovation lab — 5.6

Publication bias — 2.6

Publicness — 1.1

Q

Quality assurance — 3.11

R

Randomized controlled trial — 2.4

Ransomware — 5.5

Re-identification — 5.4

Regression discontinuity design — 2.4

Regulatory capture — 1.3, 3.10

Regulatory impact analysis — 3.10

Resilience — 3.12, 5.5

Responsive regulation — 3.10

Results-based accountability — 2.1

Right to explanation — 5.2

Risk appetite — 3.10

Risk register — 3.10, 3.12

S

Selection bias — 2.4

Shadow pricing — 2.2

Social cost of carbon — 4.3

Social discount rate — 2.2, 2.5, 4.3

Social entrepreneurship — 5.6

Social impact bond — 3.7

Social return on investment — 2.3

Spoils system — 3.6

Stakeholder — 1.5

Statistical power — 2.4

Strangler fig pattern — 5.3

Strategic triangle — 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.5, 3.1, 3.3, 3.4, 3.6, 3.11, 3.12, 4.4, 5.1, 5.6

Street-level bureaucracy — 3.2

Subsidiarity — 3.9

Supply chain attack — 5.5

Supreme audit institution — 3.4

Systematic review — 2.6

T

Targets and terror — 3.11

Technical debt — 5.3

Theory of change — 2.1, 2.3, 3.8

Traditional Public Administration — 3.1

Tragedy of the commons — 1.4, 1.5

Tunnel vision — 3.11

U

Unfunded mandate — 3.9

V

Value for money — 2.5

Value of a statistical life — 2.2

Value pluralism — 1.4, 3.5

Value-for-money audit — 2.5

Veil of ignorance — 3.5

Vendor lock-in — 5.3

Vertical accountability — 3.4

Vertical equity — 3.5

Vertical fiscal imbalance — 3.9

W

What-works centre — 2.6

X

X-inefficiency — 1.3

Y

Z

Zero trust architecture — 5.5

Zero-based budgeting — 3.3